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    Countries of Europe

    Europe is home to 47 countries and around 758.7 million people, spanning 23,233,968 km². The most populous is Russia. Explore every nation below.

    FlagsAll flags at a glanceCapitalsEvery capital cityMapRegional overview map
    Map of Europe
    Flag of AlbaniaAlbaniaTiranaSouthern Europe · 2.8 millionFlag of AndorraAndorraAndorra la VellaSouthern Europe · 83,753Flag of ArmeniaArmeniaYerevanCaucasus · 2.9 millionFlag of AustriaAustriaViennaCentral Europe · 9.1 millionFlag of AzerbaijanAzerbaijanBakuCaucasus · 10.5 millionFlag of BelarusBelarusMinskEastern Europe · 8.9 millionFlag of BelgiumBelgiumBrusselsWestern Europe · 11.8 millionFlag of Bosnia and HerzegovinaBosnia and HerzegovinaSarajevoSouthern Europe · 3.1 millionFlag of BulgariaBulgariaSofiaSouthern Europe · 6.7 millionFlag of CroatiaCroatiaZagrebSouthern Europe · 3.8 millionFlag of Czech RepublicCzech RepublicPragueCentral Europe · 10.5 millionFlag of DenmarkDenmarkCopenhagenNorthern Europe · 6.0 millionFlag of EstoniaEstoniaTallinnNorthern Europe · 1.3 millionFlag of FinlandFinlandHelsinkiNorthern Europe · 5.6 millionFlag of FranceFranceParisWestern Europe · 66.7 millionFlag of GeorgiaGeorgiaTbilisiCaucasus · 3.8 millionFlag of GermanyGermanyBerlinWestern Europe · 83.6 millionFlag of GreeceGreeceAthensSouthern Europe · 9.9 millionFlag of HungaryHungaryBudapestCentral Europe · 9.6 millionFlag of IcelandIcelandReykjavikNorthern Europe · 402,329Flag of IrelandIrelandDublinNorthern Europe · 5.4 millionFlag of ItalyItalyRomeSouthern Europe · 58.9 millionFlag of LatviaLatviaRigaNorthern Europe · 1.8 millionFlag of LiechtensteinLiechtensteinVaduzCentral Europe · 40,368Flag of LithuaniaLithuaniaVilniusNorthern Europe · 2.8 millionFlag of LuxembourgLuxembourgLuxembourgWestern Europe · 687,448Flag of MaltaMaltaVallettaSouthern Europe · 549,011Flag of MoldovaMoldovaChisinauEastern Europe · 3.0 millionFlag of MonacoMonacoMonacoWestern Europe · 38,087Flag of MontenegroMontenegroPodgoricaSouthern Europe · 626,233Flag of NetherlandsNetherlandsAmsterdamWestern Europe · 18.4 millionFlag of North MacedoniaNorth MacedoniaSkopjeSouthern Europe · 1.8 millionFlag of NorwayNorwayOsloNorthern Europe · 5.7 millionFlag of PolandPolandWarsawCentral Europe · 37.8 millionFlag of PortugalPortugalLisbonSouthern Europe · 10.4 millionFlag of RomaniaRomaniaBucharestSoutheast Europe · 18.8 millionFlag of RussiaRussiaMoscowEastern Europe · 143.4 millionFlag of San MarinoSan MarinoSan MarinoSouthern Europe · 33,605Flag of SerbiaSerbiaBelgradeSouthern Europe · 6.6 millionFlag of SlovakiaSlovakiaBratislavaCentral Europe · 5.5 millionFlag of SloveniaSloveniaLjubljanaCentral Europe · 2.1 millionFlag of SpainSpainMadridSouthern Europe · 47.9 millionFlag of SwedenSwedenStockholmNorthern Europe · 10.7 millionFlag of SwitzerlandSwitzerlandBernWestern Europe · 9.0 millionFlag of UkraineUkraineKyivEastern Europe · 39.5 millionFlag of United KingdomUnited KingdomLondonNorthern Europe · 69.9 millionFlag of Vatican CityVatican CityVatican CitySouthern Europe · 506

    About Europe

    Europe may be the second-smallest continent by area, but its influence on world history is unmatched — the birthplace of ancient Greece and Rome, the Renaissance, the Industrial Revolution and the modern nation-state. From the fjords of Norway to the Mediterranean islands of Greece and Malta, it packs a remarkable variety of landscapes into a compact space.

    Its 47 countries (including transcontinental states) range from Russia, the world’s largest country, to Vatican City, the smallest. Twenty-seven of them form the European Union, one of the world’s largest single markets. Europe is the most visited continent on Earth, drawing hundreds of millions of travelers to its historic cities, alpine ranges and coastlines every year.

    Europe in figures

    • The largest country by area is Russia (17,098,250 km²) and the smallest is Vatican City (0.44 km²).
    • Russia, Germany and the United Kingdom are the most populous, together home to 39% of the people in Europe; Vatican City has the fewest inhabitants (506).
    • The most densely populated country is Monaco, with about 19,044 people per km²; the most sparsely populated is Iceland (3.9 per km²).
    • By GDP per person in 2024, Monaco is the richest (US$288,002) and Ukraine the poorest (US$5,392) — a gap of 53 to 1.
    • Iceland has the highest Human Development Index (0.972) and Ukraine the lowest (0.779).
    • 16 countries are landlocked and 4 are island nations.

    Regions of Europe

    Countries.World groups the 47 countries of Europe into 7 regions, listed here by number of countries; within each region, countries are ordered by population.

    Southern Europe 15

    Italy, Spain, Portugal, Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Albania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Malta, Andorra, San Marino, Vatican City

    Northern Europe 10

    United Kingdom, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland, Ireland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Iceland

    Central Europe 7

    Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, Austria, Slovakia, Slovenia, Liechtenstein

    Western Europe 7

    Germany, France, Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Monaco

    Eastern Europe 4

    Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova

    Caucasus 3

    Azerbaijan, Georgia, Armenia

    Southeast Europe 1

    Romania

    Compare the countries of Europe

    All 47 countries ranked by population. Sort any column to compare area, density, income, human development or urbanisation.

    47 countries. Scroll the table for all entries. Base rank follows the page’s main measure; sorting another column keeps that rank.

    Countries of Europe: population (UN projection, July 2026), total area, density, GDP per capita (World Bank, 2024, current US$), Human Development Index (UNDP, 2023) and urban population share (World Bank, latest year).
    Base rank
    1RussiaMoscowEastern Europe143,394,45817,098,2508$14,9620.83275.3
    2GermanyBerlinWestern Europe83,644,258357,590234$56,1040.95982.1
    3United KingdomLondonNorthern Europe69,931,528243,610287$53,3410.94683.3
    4FranceParisWestern Europe66,746,401549,087122$46,1030.92078.8
    5ItalyRomeSouthern Europe58,926,166301,340196$40,4300.91569.7
    6SpainMadridSouthern Europe47,850,793505,97095$35,3270.91880.5
    7UkraineKyivEastern Europe39,535,849603,50066$5,3920.77969.6
    8PolandWarsawCentral Europe37,843,188312,696121$25,1040.90660.1
    9RomaniaBucharestSoutheast Europe18,800,605238,39779$20,0800.84552.2
    10NetherlandsAmsterdamWestern Europe18,448,77541,540444$67,4650.95595.9
    11BelgiumBrusselsWestern Europe11,774,64230,688384$56,5820.95187.7
    12SwedenStockholmNorthern Europe10,701,047450,29524$57,2230.95989.1
    13Czech RepublicPragueCentral Europe10,527,78178,867133$31,8280.91572.9
    14AzerbaijanBakuCaucasus10,454,85586,600121$7,2950.78958.6
    15PortugalLisbonSouthern Europe10,395,36292,090113$29,3280.89061.5
    16GreeceAthensSouthern Europe9,897,115131,95775$24,6260.90879.2
    17HungaryBudapestCentral Europe9,585,81893,030103$23,3050.87070.7
    18AustriaViennaCentral Europe9,107,26683,879109$58,2690.93069.7
    19SwitzerlandBernWestern Europe9,007,79841,290218$107,7020.97085.7
    20BelarusMinskEastern Europe8,937,018207,60043$8,6060.82479.5
    21BulgariaSofiaSouthern Europe6,667,659110,99360$17,5970.84574.2
    22SerbiaBelgradeSouthern Europe6,641,96477,47486$13,6780.83362.6
    23DenmarkCopenhagenNorthern Europe6,023,52042,951140$71,0260.96288.8
    24NorwayOsloNorthern Europe5,652,989385,20715$89,8890.97083.6
    25FinlandHelsinkiNorthern Europe5,621,739338,42417$53,1560.94874.5
    26SlovakiaBratislavaCentral Europe5,451,34249,035111$25,9930.88053.2
    27IrelandDublinNorthern Europe5,356,95070,27376$112,8950.94964.6
    28CroatiaZagrebSouthern Europe3,822,34556,59468$24,0500.88957.8
    29GeorgiaTbilisiCaucasus3,804,64269,70055$8,9680.84461.2
    30Bosnia and HerzegovinaSarajevoSouthern Europe3,114,24251,19761$9,3980.80452.7
    31MoldovaChisinauEastern Europe2,961,25333,84687$7,5790.78543.7
    32ArmeniaYerevanCaucasus2,930,91529,74399$8,5560.81165.9
    33LithuaniaVilniusNorthern Europe2,797,33865,30043$29,6040.89569.1
    34AlbaniaTiranaSouthern Europe2,751,02528,74896$11,3740.81058.9
    35SloveniaLjubljanaCentral Europe2,114,57320,273104$34,3010.93156.0
    36LatviaRigaNorthern Europe1,835,93564,58928$23,5790.88968.6
    37North MacedoniaSkopjeSouthern Europe1,804,06325,71370$9,2920.81562.9
    38EstoniaTallinnNorthern Europe1,331,06245,22729$31,4280.90570.7
    39LuxembourgLuxembourgWestern Europe687,4482,586266$137,7820.92294.9
    40MontenegroPodgoricaSouthern Europe626,23313,81245$13,2700.86265.6
    41MaltaVallettaSouthern Europe549,0113161,737$44,0240.92495.7
    42IcelandReykjavikNorthern Europe402,329103,0004$85,8630.97294.2
    43AndorraAndorra la VellaSouthern Europe83,753468179$49,3570.91388.9
    44LiechtensteinVaduzCentral Europe40,368160252$220,1670.93814.6
    45MonacoMonacoWestern Europe38,087219,044$288,002—100.0
    46San MarinoSan MarinoSouthern Europe33,60561551—0.91597.2
    47Vatican CityVatican CitySouthern Europe50601,150———

    Area is total area as listed on each profile. “—” means no observation is published. Sources and methodology.